 China
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China has one of the world's longest periods of mostly uninterrupted civilization and one of the world's longest continuously used written language systems. The successive states and cultures of China date back more than six millennia. For centuries, China was the world's most advanced civilization, and the cultural center of East Asia, with an impact lasting to the present day. China is also the source of many great technical inventions developed throughout world history, including the four great inventions of ancient China: Paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing.
China is twice the size of Western Europe. It is the third largest country in the world, after Russia and Canada. Its terrain varies from plains, deltas and hills in the east to mountains, high plateaux and deserts in the west. To the south its climate is tropical, whilst to the north it is sub-arctic. Less than one-sixth of China is suitable for agriculture. The most fertile areas lie in the eastern third of the country, which is economically the most developed region.
AREA: 9,596,960 sq km
CLIMATE: Extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
POPULATION: 1.29 bn
RELIGIONS: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2%
LANGUAGES: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
GOVERNMENT TYPE: People's Republic
CAPITAL: Beijing
CURRENCY: Yuan or Renminbi (RMB)
NATIONAL HOLIDAY: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949)
GDP PER CAPITA (purchasing power parity): $6,800 (2005 est.) France = $29,600 (2005 est.) USA = $41,600 (2005 est.) Bresil = $8,300 (2005 est.)
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